In geological studies and research, Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is an important dataset. A high-quality DEM can act as a multi-purpose dataset for the researchers and enterprises. However, such elevation model generations can be very expensive and complicated. To make the production process simpler and less expensive, we can preferably change the DEM output by understanding the requirements of the application and the expected results. The preciseness of the digital elevation model can be chosen according to the use of the dataset.

Here we will discuss the generation methods of digital elevation models (DEM) appropriate for different types of geospatial studies and research and regarding the selection of the elevation models. Before starting, let us have the basic understanding that DEM is the rough figure of geography. They may vary in form and style with respect to the purpose, quality of data and operator’s experience. That is why, as mentioned above, we have to choose the DEM based on its use.

For the research work and studies, there is no need for highly accurate or an in depth elevation model. The DEM used for drawing contour lines or marking the geographical features should be smoother and easier to calculate the aspects of slopes. In hydrographical networks modeling, the DEM should have greater accuracy. The overview of mountains and other geographical features can be made after a meticulous and detailed study of the geography and the creation of DEM.

Before the generation of DEM, we should understand the characteristics and the needs of end-users. The outputs should be in line with the user’s expectations of its usability and cost. The DEMs can be precast or customized. For selecting the right type the user should have a rough evaluation of various elements of DEM such as parameters of quality, lineage, completeness, etc. These evaluations help the user to predict the right model that will suit the project.

The quality of the DEM generation depends on the software used for it. It plays an important role in creating the right characteristics and features in DEM. Geographical details should be accurate in detailed studies and researches. The derivatives of the output may be drainage, cost surface, path simulations, etc. These derivatives should be accurately projected or pointed to provide excellent outputs. To precisely predict the slopes and other elevated features a robust algorithm should be employed.

Many times, Digital Terrain Model (DTM) and Digital Elevation Model (DEM) are confused for similarity. In effect, both are two different processes. While digital elevation model emphasizes the slopes on a landscape, DTM details the characteristics of the terrains and heights of the landscape. In other words, DTM is the two-dimensional model of the DEM.

Concisely, Digital Elevation Models are one of the modern geo-datasets. They are useful for geographical studies and research. DEMs can be chosen according to its purpose. The quality of DEM depends on the software tools used for model generation. If we can have high quality elevation models, the studies of geographical features can be conducted in detail.